Hardware Requirements

Selendra nodes require varying specs by operation type. Proper specifications ensure reliable performance and prevent degradation.

Requirements by Node Type

Recommended Specs

Full Node

CPU: Intel i5-13400 or AMD Ryzen 5 5600X. 4+ cores. Single-thread performance matters.

RAM: 16GB recommended (8GB min). ECC optional.

Storage: 500GB NVMe (Samsung 970 EVO Plus, WD Black SN850). Random I/O critical.

Network: 100 Mbps dedicated preferred. Residential fiber acceptable.

Build (~$800):

• Intel i5-13400 or Ryzen 5 5600X
• 16GB DDR4 3200MHz
• 500GB NVMe M.2 SSD
• Gigabit ethernet
• 500W PSU, standard case

Validator

CPU: Intel Xeon E-2388G or AMD Ryzen 9 5950X. 8+ cores. High clock speed critical.

RAM: 32GB ECC recommended. Memory errors cause missed blocks.

Storage: 1TB enterprise NVMe (Samsung PM9A3, Intel P5520). Consumer drives acceptable with monitoring.

Network: Dedicated fiber. 100 Mbps min, 1 Gbps preferred. Redundant 4G/5G backup recommended.

Power: UPS required. 30+ min runtime. Prevents corruption.

Build (~$2,000):

• Xeon E-2388G or Ryzen 9 5950X
• 32GB DDR4 ECC 3200MHz
• 1TB enterprise NVMe (PM9A3)
• Dual gigabit NICs
• 750W 80+ Gold PSU
• 1500VA UPS
• Rack/tower with redundant fans

Cloud options:

• AWS c7i.2xlarge: ~$250/mo
• Google c3-standard-8: ~$230/mo
• Hetzner AX51: ~$140/mo
• OVH Rise-4: ~$160/mo

Archive

CPU: Same as validator. High cores for parallel queries.

RAM: 64GB recommended (32GB min). Improves query performance.

Storage: 4TB NVMe min. Grows 50-100GB/month. RAID 0 acceptable with backups, RAID 10 for production.

Build (~$3,500):

• Ryzen 9 5950X or Threadripper 3960X
• 64GB DDR4 3600MHz
• 4TB NVMe (or 2×2TB RAID 0)
• Dual gigabit ethernet
• 850W 80+ Gold PSU
• UPS, good cooling

Storage

SSD Types

HDD: Completely unsuitable. Random I/O requirements 100× beyond HDD capability.

SATA SSD: Minimum for full nodes. 500 MB/s sequential, 3,000+ IOPS.

NVMe SSD: Strongly recommended for validators/archives. 3,000+ MB/s sequential, 100,000+ IOPS. PCIe 3.0 ×4 min, 4.0 preferred.

Growth Projections

Full node (pruned):

• Initial: 180GB
• Monthly: 5-10GB
• 1-year: 240GB
• 2-year: 300GB

Archive (full history):

• Initial: 1.8TB
• Monthly: 50-100GB
• 1-year: 2.4TB
• 2-year: 3.0TB

Filesystem

ext4 recommended for Linux. Proven with databases.

XFS acceptable for large volumes (archives).

Avoid BTRFS/ZFS unless experienced.

Mount options:

/dev/nvme0n1p1 /data ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 2

Network

Bandwidth

Upload critical for validators. Blocks broadcast immediately. 100 Mbps min.

Download for sync. 50-100 Mbps reduces sync time.

Daily usage: 10-20 GB full node, 20-40 GB archive with RPC.

Latency

Low latency for validators. <50ms to peers. Geographic diversity beneficial but not at latency cost.

Residential OK if adequate. DSL/cable for full nodes. Validators benefit from datacenter.

Reliability

Validators require high uptime. Brief disconnects tolerable. Extended downtime triggers slashing.

Redundant connections recommended for validators. Primary fiber + backup 4G/5G.

Hosting Options

Self-Hosted

Pros: Full control, lower long-term cost, data sovereignty.
Cons: Upfront cost, maintenance, power/cooling, internet reliability.

Cambodia: Power varies by location. Phnom Penh/Siem Reap reliable. UPS essential. Internet adequate in cities.

Cloud

Pros: No upfront cost, easy scaling, high uptime SLAs.
Cons: Monthly cost, vendor dependency, data transfer fees.

Providers: AWS (high cost, excellent), Google Cloud (competitive), Hetzner (budget-friendly), OVH (affordable), DigitalOcean (simple).

Hybrid

Primary validator self-hosted. Backup cloud-hosted. Failover continuity.

Archive cloud with high-bandwidth. Full node self-hosted for dev. Cost-effective.

Cost Analysis

Monthly (Cloud)

Full node: Instance $40-60 + Storage $10-20 + Bandwidth $5-10 = $55-90

Validator: Instance $120-180 + Storage $10-20 + Bandwidth $10-20 = $140-220

Archive: Instance $150-200 + Storage $80-120 + Bandwidth $50-100 = $280-420

Self-Hosted

Hardware: Full $400-600, Validator $1,200-1,800, Archive $2,500-3,500

Operating/month: Power $10-30 + Internet $30-100 + Cooling $5-20 = $45-150

Break-even: Full 8-12mo, Validator 12-18mo, Archive 12-24mo

Validator rewards: 10,000 SEL @ 15% APR = 1,500 SEL/year. At $0.20/SEL = $300 annual rewards.

Environment

Temperature: 10-35°C recommended. Higher reduces lifespan. AC beneficial.

Cooling: Full node (standard fans), Validator (good airflow), Archive (enterprise cooling/rack).

Power consumption: Full 50-100W, Validator 150-250W, Archive 200-350W.

UPS runtime: Full 30min min, Validator 60min, Archive 30min with graceful shutdown.

Physical security: Validators contain keys. Locked room/cabinet. Remote management (IPMI) reduces physical access.

Upgrade Path

Start minimum, upgrade as needed. Most components upgradeable.

Storage: Easiest. Add second NVMe, migrate data. Minimal downtime.

RAM: Straightforward. Install modules. Brief restart.

CPU: Complex. Often requires motherboard change. Start adequate.

Network: Faster connection improves peer performance. Visible for validators.

Community

Hardware questions? Cambodia validators discuss local hosting. KOOMPI partnerships available.